마틴 루터의 회심간증

Martin Luther's Account of

          His Own Conversion

          마틴 루터의 회심간증

 

                         by Martin Luther (1483-1546)

                                   마틴 루터

http://homepage.mac.com/shanerosenthal/reformationink/index.htm

 

 

The following selection is taken from the Preface to the Complete Edition of Luther's Latin Writings. It was written by Luther in Wittenberg, 1545. This english edition is availble in Luther's Works Volume 34, Career of the Reformer IV (St. Louis, Concordia Publishing House, 1960), p. 336-337. In the first few lines of this selection, Luther writes, "during that year;" the immediate context indicates he is refering to the year of Tetzel's death (July, 1519). This puts the date for Luther's conversion, in his own view, two years after the posting of the ninety-five theses.

 

아래의 글은 루터의 라틴저작 전집에 대한 서문에서 가져온 것인데, 1545년 비텐베르그에서 루터가 쓴 것이다. 영어번역본은 루터전집 34권(Carreer of the Reformer시리즈 IV, St.Louis: Concordia Publsihing House, 1960)의 336-337쪽에 실린 것이다. 이 글의 첫부분에 보면 루터가 “그 해에”(during that year)라는 말을 하는데, 앞뒤 맥락을 보면 “그 해”란 테쩰이 죽은 해(1519년 7월)를 가르킨다. 이것은 루터 자신이 자신의 회심시기라고 말하고 있는 그 날을 우리에게 제공해 준다. 그것은 바로 그가 95개조조항을 작성하고 나서 2년이 지난 때이다(한글역주: 루터의 회심에 대해서는 이미 많은 사람들이 알고 있다. 설교에서 자주 인용하기도 한다. 하지만, 그 시기가 95조개조항 작성 2년 뒤라고 하는 것에 주목하는 사람들은 별로 없다. 종교개혁의 봉화를 올렸다고 할 수 있는 95개조항, 이미 그 안에 참된 회개가 무엇인지를 선포하고 또한 가장 강하게 강조하고 있는 이 95개조항을 작성하였으면서도 루터는 아직 자신이 회심하였다고 생각하지 않았다는 것은, 놀라운 일이다. 놀래야 할 일이다. 한글로 이것을 번역하는 역자로서, 목사가 된 지 5년 뒤에야 회심을 하였다( http://café.daum.net/jesus330의 양무리초장게시판의 공지에 있음) 이 말을 할 때에 어떤 분들은 믿어지지 않는다는 말을 하거나, 어떤 특별한 체험 정도로 그 의미를 희석하는 경향들이 있는 것을 발견하였다. 루터의 회심에 대해서는 많이 알지만 그 의미를 충분히 음미하지 못한 결과라고 할 수 있다. 루터가 회심하던 시기는 아래의 글에서도 분명하게 나타나 있는 것처럼, 그가 로마서, 갈라디아서, 히브리서에 대해서 대학에서 이미 강의까지 하던 시기였었다. 그런 것에 대해서 해박한 지식을 가지고 있어도 아직 회심이 무엇인지 “참으로” 알지 못하였던 때였다는 것이 도대체 우리들에게 무엇을 의미하고 있는가? 참된 회심은, 배움의 적고 많음, 깊고 얕음에 있는 것이 아니라 전적으로 하나님의 은혜라는 사실이 보다 더 강조되고 음미되었으면 하는 마음으로 이 글을 번역하게 된다).

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Meanwhile, I had already during that year returned to interpret the Psalter anew. I had confidence in the fact that I was more skilful, after I had lectured in the university on St. Paul's epistles to the Romans, to the Galatias, and the one to the Hebrews. I had indeed been captivated with an extraordinary ardor for understanding Paul in the Epistle to the Romans. But up till then it was not the cold blood ab out the heart, but a single word in Chapter 1, "In it the righteousness of God is revealed," that had stood in my way. For I hated that word "righteousness of God," which, according to the use and custom of all the teachers, I had been taught to understand philosophically regarding the formal or active righteousness, as they call it, with which God is righteous and punishes the unrighteous sinner.

 

그러던 중 나는 이미 그 해에 시편해석을 새롭게 시도하였다. 대학에서 로마서, 갈라디아서 그리고 히브리서에 대한 강의를 끝냈었기 때문에 나는 자신이 더욱 (해석문제에 있어서) 숙련되어 있다는 사실에 확신을 가졌었다. 물론 이미 로마서에서의 바울을 이해하기 위한 특별한 열정에 사로잡혀 있었었다. 하지만, 바로 그때가 되어서야 내 앞에서 놓여져 있는 것은 마음 깊은 곳에 차가운 피가 흐르는 것이 아니고 로마서1장의 한 마디, 곧 “하나님의 의가 나타났으니”라는 말이었다. 왜냐하면 “하나님의 의”라는 그 말을 증오했었기 때문이다. 모든 교사들의 용례와 관습에 의해서 나는 그 말을 형식적 의, 혹은 적극적인 의에 관하여 철학적으로 이해하도록 가르침을 받아 왔었다. 그 교사들은 이것을 하나님께서 의로우시며 불의한 죄인들을 그 의로서 심판하신다는 것이라고 하였던 것이다.

 

Though I lived as a monk without reproach, I felt that I was a sinner before God with an extremely disturbed conscience. I could not believe that he was placated by my satisfaction. I did not love, yes, I hated the righteous God who punishes sinners, and secretly, if not blasphemously, certainly murmuring greatly, I was angry with God, and said, "As if, indeed, it is not enough, that miserable sinners, eternally lost through original sin, are crushed by every kind of calamity by the law of the decalogue, without having God add pain to pain by the gospel and also by the gospel threatening us with his righteousness and wrath!" Thus I raged with a fierce and troubled conscience. Nevertheless, I beat importunately upon Paul at that place, most ardently desiring to know what St. Paul wanted.

 

나는 수도사로서 흠없이 살아왔었지만, 극도로 혼란된 양심을 가지고 있는 채로 하나님 앞에서 죄인이라고 느꼈었다. 나는 나의 (수도사로서의 흠없는 삶을 통한) 만족스럽게 살아오는 것으로 그가 만족하실 것이라고 믿을 수 없었다. 나는 죄인들을 심판하시는 하나님의 의를 사랑하지 않았다. 그래, 미워하였던 것이다. 비밀스럽게, 공공연하게 불경스럽지는 않았지만 분명하게 엄청나게 불평하면서 하나님에게 분노하면서 이렇게 말하곤 했었다: “불행한 죄인들이 원죄로 말미암아 영원토록 잃어진 바 되어서 십계명의 율법에 의해서 모든 종류의 재난들로 짓이겨지는 것에도 만족치 않으시는 것 같으셔! 그것에다가 복음으로 고통에 고통을 더하시고 또한 그 복음에 의하여 당신의 의와 진노로 우리들을 위협하시다니!” 그래서 나는 맹렬하면서 혼란스러운 양심으로 분노하였었다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 바로 그 곳에서(역주: 롬1:17) 우연스럽게도 바울과 만났던 것이고, 가장 열정적으로 바울이 원하였던 것을 알고 싶어했었다.

 

 At last, by the mercy of God, meditating day and night, I gave heed to the context of the words, namely, "In it the righteousness of God is revealed, as it is written, 'He who through faith is righteous shall live.'" There I began to understand that the righteousness of God is that by which the righteous lives by a gift of God, namely by faith. And this is the meaning: the righteousness of God is revealed by the gospel, namely, the passive righteousness with which merciful God justifies us by faith, as it is written, "He who through faith is righteous shall live." Here I felt that I was altogether born again and had entered paradise itself through open gates. There a totally other face of the entire Scripture showed itself to me. Thereupon I ran through the Scripture from memory. I also fount in other terms an analogy, as, the work of God, that is what God does in us, the power of God, with which he makes us wise, the strenght of God, the salvation of God, the glory of God.

 

마침내, 하나님의 자비하심으로 인하여, 밤낮으로 묵상을 하는 중에, 이 말들, 곧 “그 안에 하나님의 의가 나타나서 믿음으로 믿음에 이르게 하나니 기록된 바 오직 의인은 믿음으로 말미암아 살리라 함과 같으니라”는 말이 나오는 그 맥락에 주의하였다. 그곳에서 나는 그 하나님의 의는 그것으로 말미암아 의인이 하나님의 선물, 곧 믿음으로 살게 되게 하는 그런 것임을 이해하기 시작하였다. 그리고 그 의미는 이렇다: 하나님의 의는 복음에 의해서 나타나(곧 계시되어지)는 것인데, 곧 자비하신 하나님께서 믿음으로 우리를 의롭게 하시는 그 수동적 의이며, 그래서 의인이 믿음으로 말미암아 살리라고 기록되어 있는 것이다. 여기서 나는 한꺼번에 거듭나게 되고 활짝 열려진 문들을 통해서 천국 그 자체에 들어간 것을 느꼈다. 그곳에서 나에게 전체 성경의 전적으로 다른 얼굴이 자기의 얼굴을 드러내고 있었던 것이다. 그 구절 위에 그때까지 암송하고 있던 다른 성경구절들이 스쳐 지나갔다. 또한 다른 용어들, 곧 하나님께서 우리들 안에서 이루시는 하나님의 일, 우리들을 하나님께서 지혜롭게 하시는 하나님의 능력, 하나님의 힘, 하나님의 구원, 하나님의 영광 같은 용어들 속에 담겨져 있는 하나의 비유를 발견하였다.

 

And I extolled my sweetest word with a love as great as the hatred with which I had before hated the word "righteousness of God." Thus that place in Paul was for me truly the gate to paradise. Later I read Augustine's The Spirit and the Letter, where contrary to hope I found that he, too, interpreted God's righteousness in a similar way, as the righteousness with which God clothes us when he justifies us (Augustine passage included below). Although this was heretofore said imperfectly and he did not explain all things concerning imputation clearly, it nevertheless was pleasing that God's righteousness with which we are justified was taught.

 

그리고 나는 이전에 그렇게도 증오하였던 단어인 “하나님의 의”라는 말을 이제는 가장 열정적인 사랑으로 나의 그 가장 달콤한 단어, “하나님의 의”를 극찬하였다. 그래서 바울의 서신 안에 있는 그 장소는 나에게 있어서는 참으로 극락으로 들어가는 대문이었다. 후에 나는 어거스틴의 성령과 문자(The Spirit and the Letter)라는 책을 읽었다(아래에 이 어거스틴의 글을 옮겨 두었다). 그곳에서는 나는 기대했던 것과는 다르게, 그도 또한 하나님의 의를 나와 비슷한 방식으로 해석하는 것을 발견하였다. 곧 하나님께서 우리들을 의롭게 해주실 때에 우리들에게 의로 옷입혀 주신다는 식으로 그도 해석하고 있었다. 비록 그 당시로서는 불완전하게 표현되어지고 또한 (의의) 전가에 관하여 모든 것을 명확하게 설명하고 있는 것은 아니지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 우리를 의롭게 하시는 하나님의 의가 가르쳐지고 있다는 사실이 기쁘기만 하였다(역자주: 아래에 있는 어거스틴의 글은 다음 기회에 또 번역해서 올리도록 하겠습니다)   

 

 

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Selections from Augustine's The Spirit and the Letter to which Luther Refers:

Chapter 15 [IX.] - The Righteousness of God Manifested by the Law and the Prophets.

 

Here, perhaps, it may be said by that presumption of man, which is ignorant of the righteousness of God, and wishes to establish one of its own, that the apostle quite properly said," For by the law shall no man be justified,"46 inasmuch as the law merely shows what one ought to do, and what one ought to guard against, in order that what the law thus points out may be accomplished by the will, and so man be justified, not indeed by the power of the law, but by his free determination. But I ask your attention, O man, to what follows. "But now the righteousness of God," says he, "without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets."47 Does this then sound a light thing in deaf ears? He says, "The righteousness of God is manifested." Now this righteousness they are ignorant of, who wish to establish one of their own; they will not submit themselves to it.48 His words are, "The righteousness of God is manifested:" he does not say, the righteousness of man, or the righteousness of his own will, but the "righteousness of God," - not that whereby He is Himself righteous, but that with which He endows man when He justifies the ungodly. This is witnessed by the law and the prophets; in other words, the law and the prophets each afford it testimony. The law, indeed, by issuing its commands and threats, and by justifying no man, sufficiently shows that it is by God's gift, through the help of the Spirit, that a man is justified; and the prophets, because it was what they predicted that Christ at His coming accomplished. Accordingly he advances a step further, and adds, "But righteousness of God by faith of Jesus Christ,"49 that is by the faith wherewith one believes in Christ for just as there is not meant the faith with which Christ Himself believes, so also there is not meant the righteousness whereby God is Himself righteous. Both no doubt are ours, but yet they are called God's, and Christ's, because it is by their bounty that these gifts are bestowed upon us. The righteousness of God then is without the law, but not manifested without the law; for if it were manifested without the law, how could it be witnessed by the law? That righteousness of God, however, is without the law, which God by the Spirit of grace bestows on the believer without the help of the law, - that is, when not helped by the law. When, indeed, He by the law discovers to a man his weakness, it is in order that by faith he may flee for refuge to His mercy, and be healed. And thus concerning His wisdom we are told, that "she carries law and mercy uponher tongue,"50 - the "law," whereby she may convict the proud, the "mercy," wherewith she may justify the humbled. "The righteousness of God," then, "by faith of Jesus Christ, is unto all that believe; for there is no difference, for all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God"51 - not of their own glory. For what have they, which they have not received? Now if they received it, why do they glory as if they had not received it?52 Well, then, they come short of the glory of God; now observe what follows: "Being justified freely by His grace."53 It is not, therefore, by the law, nor is it by their own will, that they are justified; but they are justified freely by His grace, - not that it is wrought without our will; but our will is by the law shown to be weak, that grace may heal its infirmity; and that our healed will may fulfil the law, not by compact under the law, nor yet in the absence of law.

 

Chapter 16 X.] - How the Law Was Not Made for a Righteous Man.

 

Because "for a righteous man the law was not made;"54 and yet "the law is good, if a man use it lawfully."55 Now by connecting together these two seemingly contrary statements, the apostle warns and urges his reader to sift the question and solve it too. For how can it be that "the law is good, if a man use it lawfully," if what follows is also true: "Knowing this, that the law is not made for a righteous man?"56 For who but a righteous man lawfully uses the law? Yet it is not for him that it is made, but for the unrighteous. Must then the unrighteous man, in order that he may be justified, - that is, become a righteous man, - lawfully use the law, to lead him, as by the schoolmaster's hand,57 to that grace by which alone he can fulfil what the law commands? Now it is freely that he is justified thereby, - that is, on account of no antecedent merits of his own works; "otherwise grace is no more grace,"58 since it is bestowed on us, not because we have done good works, but that we may be able to do them, - in other words, not because we have fulfilled the law, but in order that we may be able to fulfil the law. Now He said, "I am not come to destroy the law, but to fulfil it,"59 of whom it was said, "We have seen His glory, the glory as of the only-begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth."60 This is the glory which is meant in the words, "All have sinned, and come short of the glory of God;"61 and this the grace of which he speaks in the next verse, "Being justified freely by His grace."62 The unrighteous man therefore lawfully uses the law, that he may become righteous; but when he has become so, he must no longer use it as a chariot, for he has arrived at his journey's end, - or rather (that I may employ the apostle's own simile, which has been already mentioned) as a schoolmaster, seeing that he is now fully learned. How then is the law not made for a righteous man, if it is necessary for the righteous man too, not that hemay be brought as an unrighteous man to the grace that justifies, but that he may use it lawfully, now that he is righteous? Does not the case perhaps stand thus, - nay, not perhaps, but rather certainly, - that the man who is become righteous thus lawfully uses the law, when he applies it to alarm the unrighteous, so that whenever the disease of some unusual desire begins in them, too, to be augmented by the incentive of the law's prohibition and an increased amount of transgression, they may in faith flee for refuge to the grace that justifies, and becoming delighted with the sweet pleasures of holiness, may escape the penalty of the law's menacing letter through the spirit's soothing gift? In this way the two statements will not be contrary, nor will they be repugnant to each other: even the righteous man may lawfully use a good law, and yet the law be not made for the righteous man; for it is not by the law that he becomes righteous, but by the law of faith, which led him to believe that no other resource was possible to his weakness for fulfilling the precepts which "the law of works"63 commanded, except to be assisted by the grace of God